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The ancestor of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is the toy spaniel, which was very popular in England and Europe during the 16th and 18th centuries. In later times, namely in the 19th and 20th centuries, these dogs practically disappeared, and therefore it was incredibly difficult to restore the breed. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed got its name from the monarchs Charles I and II, the grandchildren of Queen Mary.