Introduction: Who May Era are There?

Mexico’s rich history spans thousands of years and is characterized by numerous distinct eras. Each era is marked by significant cultural, political, and social changes that have shaped the country as we know it today. From the ancient Mayan civilization to the modern era, Mexico’s history is a fascinating tapestry of different periods, each with its unique identity and legacy.

Maya Era 2000 BCE – 900 CE

The Maya era is one of the earliest periods in Mexico’s history and is known for its remarkable advances in astronomy, mathematics, and architecture. The Mayan civilization flourished in present-day Mexico and Central America between 2000 BCE and 900 CE, with their influence reaching as far south as Honduras and El Salvador. The Maya are known for their sophisticated writing system, extensive trade networks, and impressive monumental architecture, including pyramids and temples. Despite their impressive achievements, the Mayan civilization began to decline around the 8th century CE, likely due to environmental degradation and political instability.

Toltec Era 900 – 1168 CE

The Toltec era marked a period of significant cultural and artistic development in Mexico. The Toltec civilization emerged in the 10th century CE and is known for its architectural accomplishments, including the famous Temple of the Sun and the Temple of the Moon in present-day Teotihuacan. The Toltec people were also skilled artisans, producing intricate pottery, jewelry, and textiles. The era came to an end around 1168 CE, with the downfall of the Toltec capital city of Tula.

Aztec Era 1168 – 1521 CE

The Aztec era is perhaps the best-known period in Mexico’s history, characterized by the rise and fall of the Aztec Empire. The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that emerged in the 14th century CE and built their capital, Tenochtitlan, on an island in the middle of a lake. The Aztecs were known for their advanced agricultural techniques, monumental architecture, and religious practices, including human sacrifice. The Aztec empire was conquered by Spanish conquistadors in 1521, ending the Aztec era.

Spanish Conquest Era 1521 – 1821 CE

The Spanish conquest era marked a period of immense change in Mexico, as Spanish colonizers brought with them new languages, religions, and technologies. The Spanish conquered the Aztec empire in 1521 and went on to establish a colonial empire that lasted for over 300 years. During this period, the Spanish imposed their culture on the indigenous population, leading to the emergence of a new, mestizo identity. The era came to an end in 1821, with the Mexican War of Independence.

Mexican Independence Era 1821 – 1876 CE

The Mexican Independence era marked a period of political turmoil and upheaval in Mexico, as the country fought for its independence from Spain. The war of independence began in 1810 and ended in 1821, with Mexico finally gaining its independence. The era was marked by political instability, economic challenges, and ongoing conflict with neighboring countries, including the United States. The era came to a close with the establishment of the Porfiriato regime in 1876.

Porfiriato Era 1876 – 1911 CE

The Porfiriato era is named after the Mexican president Porfirio Díaz, who ruled Mexico for over 30 years. The era is known for its modernization efforts, including the construction of railways, roads, and telegraph lines. However, the era was also marked by political repression, economic inequality, and widespread corruption. The Porfiriato era came to an end with the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910.

Revolution Era 1910 – 1940 CE

The Mexican Revolution marked a period of immense change and transformation in Mexico. The revolution began in 1910 and lasted for over a decade, with numerous factions fighting for political, economic, and social change. The revolution resulted in the establishment of a new constitution, the redistribution of land, and the emergence of a new political elite. The era was marked by ongoing conflict and violence but also led to significant social and cultural advances.

Post-Revolution Era 1940 – 2000 CE

The post-revolution era marked a period of relative stability and economic growth in Mexico. The era was characterized by significant social and cultural changes, including the emergence of a new middle class, the growth of the film industry, and the development of new artistic movements. The era was also marked by ongoing political challenges, including the emergence of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which dominated Mexican politics for over 70 years.

Modern Era 2000 CE – Present Day

The modern era marks the most recent period in Mexico’s history and is characterized by ongoing political, economic, and social changes. The era has seen the emergence of new political parties, the development of a thriving tech industry, and ongoing challenges related to immigration and drug violence. Despite these challenges, Mexico remains a vibrant and dynamic country, with a rich cultural heritage and a bright future ahead.