Why do some cats have five toes?

Introduction: The Mystery of Five-Toed Cats

Cats are known for their agility and grace, and their paws play an important role in their abilities. While most cats have four toes on their front paws and five on their back paws, some cats have an extra toe or two. This mysterious phenomenon has fascinated cat lovers for centuries. Why do some cats have five toes, and what purpose do these extra digits serve?

Understanding Polydactyly in Cats

Polydactyly is a genetic condition that causes cats to have extra toes on one or more of their paws. While most cats have 18 toes (five on each front paw and four on each back paw), polydactyl cats can have up to 28 toes. The condition is more common in certain breeds, such as the Maine Coon and the American Bobtail, but it can occur in any breed or mixed-breed cat.

The Genetics of Extra Toes

Polydactyly is an autosomal dominant trait, which means that a cat only needs to inherit the gene from one parent to develop extra toes. However, not all cats with the gene will have extra toes, and the number and placement of the extra digits can vary. In some cases, the extra toes may be fully formed and functional, while in others, they may be smaller and less functional.

The History of Polydactyl Cats

Polydactyl cats have been around for centuries and have been celebrated and feared in various cultures. Some Native American tribes believed that polydactyl cats brought good luck, while sailors believed that they were better at catching mice on ships. Ernest Hemingway was famously fond of polydactyl cats and kept a colony of them at his home in Key West, Florida.

Famous Five-Toed Felines

In addition to Hemingway’s beloved cats, there have been many famous polydactyl cats throughout history. Paws, a cat owned by President Theodore Roosevelt, was said to have six toes on each paw. Snowball, a cat owned by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, had extra toes on his front paws.

The Pros and Cons of Polydactylism

While extra toes may seem like a fun novelty, they can have both advantages and disadvantages for cats. Some polydactyl cats are better at climbing and gripping, while others may have difficulty grooming themselves or may be prone to arthritis or other joint issues.

The Prevalence of Extra Toed Cats

Polydactylism is more common in certain regions, such as the northeastern United States and parts of England. In some areas, such as the island of Newfoundland, up to 40% of cats may be polydactyl. However, the prevalence of the condition varies widely depending on the breed and population of cats.

The Evolutionary Advantage of Extra Toes

While the exact purpose of extra toes in cats is not fully understood, some experts believe that they may provide an evolutionary advantage. Cats with extra toes may be better at climbing trees and catching prey, and their extra grip may have helped them survive in harsh environments.

Treating Polydactylism in Cats

In most cases, polydactylism does not require any treatment or intervention. However, if the extra toes are causing discomfort or mobility issues, they may need to be surgically removed. It is important to work with a veterinarian to determine the best course of action.

Conclusion: The Fascinating World of Five-Toed Cats

Polydactyl cats are a fascinating and beloved part of the feline world. While the extra toes may have both advantages and disadvantages, they are a testament to the diversity and adaptability of cats. Whether you are a fan of Hemingway’s cats, a breeder of polydactyl cats, or simply an admirer of feline genetics, there is much to learn and appreciate about these unique and wonderful creatures.