Mike Clinton
Introduction: Understanding the Alberta Wild Horse
The Alberta Wild Horse is a free-roaming, non-native species that has been present in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains for over 250 years. Descendants of horses used by Spanish explorers and Native American tribes, these animals have been an integral part of the region’s cultural and historical heritage. While their numbers have fluctuated, estimates place the current population at approximately 1,000 individuals.
Despite their cultural significance, there is ongoing debate about the ecological impact of wild horses on Alberta’s ecosystems. Some argue that they are a natural component of the region’s biodiversity, while others claim that they pose significant risks to plant and animal communities. In order to evaluate these claims, it is important to understand the role that wild horses play in the region’s ecosystem.
The Ecological Role of Wild Horses in Alberta’s Ecosystem
Wild horses are considered a "keystone species" in that they have a significant impact on their environment. They are herbivorous, which means that they graze on vegetation throughout the year. In doing so, they can influence the composition and structure of plant communities, which in turn affects other species that rely on those plants for food and habitat.
Wild horses are also important in terms of nutrient cycling. Grazing by these animals can stimulate the growth of new vegetation, which can improve soil health and nutrient availability. Additionally, their manure provides a source of nutrients for other organisms in the ecosystem.
Despite these potential benefits, there are concerns about the impact of wild horses on Alberta’s ecosystems. In particular, some worry that their grazing patterns and other behaviors could have negative consequences for plant and animal communities. The next sections will explore these issues in more detail.